Objectives: Fibromyalgia syndrome is a global health problem. The aim of this study was to analyze the top 100 cited articles.
Methods: Web of Science database was scanned for the period between 1990 and 2020 using the search term, “fibromyalgia,” and the 100 most cited articles were determined. For the bibliometric analysis, a record was made of the article title, year of publication, number of authors and names, number of citations, citation index, name of the journal in which it was published, impact factor, type of article, and source of funding. The altmetric attention score was recorded from the automatic software calculation.
Results: The total number of citations of the articles in the top 100 list varied between 203 and 6254. The majority of articles were published in arthritis and rheumatism (n=24) and pain (n=15) journals. The country producing the most articles was the US and the most cited author was Russel IJ. Case–controlled studies constituted the largest part of the top 100 (n=36). When the number of citations was examined, studies evaluating classification criteria, diagnostic criteria, and epidemiologic study were at the forefront. In terms of altmetric attention score, treatment studies, especially exercise, were in the first orders.
Conclusion: This study presents a view on the subject of the level of interest shown by the scientific world and on social platforms to the most cited articles on the subject of fibromyalgia. There is a need for further studies which would use more wide-scale databases and offer interactions between countries.

Objectives: The main purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of relaxation-oriented cognitive-behavioral group psychotherapy in FMS patients. It was aimed to improve the pain management, functional coping strategies, self-efficacy, and psychological well-being of the patients at the end of the intervention. Furthermore, relaxation exercise was used as a motivational and complementary technique.
Methods: The study was conducted with 25 women who were diagnosed with FMS and had the characteristics to carry out the group psychotherapy process. Mixed method including both quantitative and qualitative research methods was used in the data collection and analysis process of the study. Qualitative data were obtained through written records kept by the observers in the sessions and the observations of the therapists. In collecting quantitative data, Sociodemographic and Clinical Information Form, Visual Analog Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-Somatic Anxiety and Depression Symptoms, Pain Self-Efficacy Questionaire-2, and Pain Coping Inventory were used. Thematic Analysis methods were used in the qualitative analysis of the interview contents. The analysis of the data obtained from the scales was carried out with the Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test.
Results: According to the qualitative analysis results, the group therapy process was considered three themes as “pain related problems,” “emotional and social problems,” and “adherence with the group therapy process.” It was seen that the participants made improvements in the subcodes of the themes.
Conclusion: Results indicate the importance of using quantitative and qualitative patterns together in demonstrating the effectiveness of the intervention.

Objectives: Demonstrate of accidental intravascular injection during lumbar transforaminal anterior epidural steroid injection (TAESI) performed with three-dimensional imaging angiography (3DIA) and fluoroscopy.
Methods: We assessed 20 (9 males and 11 females) patients (with a total of 40 levels) whose images were received with simultaneously 3DIA and fluoroscopy-guided TAESI between January 2016 and September 2016 as retrospective. Injections were carried out in the lumbar fourth intervertebral space bilaterally and performed in the same way all of the cases.
Results: The mean age and body mass index of the patients were 47.9±2.72 years and 26.95±1.21, respectively. There were 10 patients with disc herniation, seven patients with spinal stenosis, and three patients with failed back surgery syndrome. In 3D imaging, vascular escape was detected in the 7 levels (17.5%) which were thought to be no escape in the fluoroscopy imaging.
Conclusion: In chronic lumbar radiculopathy patients, intravascular escapes may occur during the fluoroscopic TAESI procedure. To avoid intravascular injections during TAESI procedure, it may be appropriate to use different imaging methods that can give more detailed results such as 3D angiography.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of pregabalin, betamethasone, and ibuprofen on post-operative pain management in patients with single-level lumbar disc herniation surgery.
Methods: The present study was a randomized prospective study conducted at a tertiary university hospital. Sixty patients were equally divided into three groups based on whether they were treated with pregabalin (Group 1), ibuprofen (Group 2), and betamethasone (Group 3). Patients whose pre-operative back and leg pain was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS) and the Oswestry scale were administered 100 mg tramadol hydrochloride during surgery. The treatment efficiency was compared by assessing post-operative VAS scores at 24 h, 1 week, and 1 month after and Oswestry scale at 1 month after surgery.
Results: The VAS scores for pre-operative and post-operative back pain did not show significant differences between the results at 1 week and 1 month in any group. There was no significant drug efficacy between post-operative week 1 and post-operative month 1, except for pregabalin; an early effect was less frequently observed in the pregabalin group than in the ibuprofen and betamethasone groups.
Conclusion: Although the three groups treated for single-level lumbar disc herniation received similar post-operative analgesia at the end of post-operative month 1, the decrease in VAS scores for back and leg pain was significant in the betamethasone group in the 1st post-operative 24 h and post-operative month 1.

Objectives: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most seen entrapment neuropathy. CTS is a complex syndrome arisen with entrapment of median nerve at wrist. Pain worst at night, paresthesia, hypoesthesia, paralysis, and muscle atrophy can be seen through nerve entrapment level. Besides, we see negative symptoms for sleep in our practice. It is known the effect of invasive and non-invasive treatments on the sleep. We aimed to search the effect of treatment of CTS on the sleep modalities.
Methods: In our study, the effect of injection treatment of CTS patients diagnosed clinically with electrophysiological methods in neurology clinic, on sleep modalities. After excluding the secondary reasons of CTS; patients responded to visual analog scale (VAS), symptom, and functional scales of Boston questionnaire (BQ-FS), Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs, Pittsburg sleep quality index (PSQI), insomnia severity index (ISI), sleep hygiene index (SHI), Epworth sleepiness scale, Beck depression scale, and Beck anxiety scale.
Results: Twenty-nine patients (2 males and 27 females) were enrolled. After treatment, VAS, BQ-FS, LANNS, PSQI, ISI, and SHI both resulted in a significant reduction.
Conclusion: Sleep hygiene is affected negatively in CTS patients. A healing effect is observed on the quality of sleep impaired by the injection treatment of CTS.

Objectives: This study was designed to explore the origin of the pain beliefs of chronic headache patients.
Methods: This qualitative research has been designed using a case study method. Selected using the criterion sampling method, patients consisted of a total of six chronic headache patients in algology outpatient clinic at a University Hospital in Turkey. The data were collected using focus group methods. Data were obtained using a semi-structured interview form composed of eight open-ended questions. Data were evaluated by analyzing both descriptive and content data.
Results: Chronic headache patients’ views on why they have pain and which beliefs they have about origin of the pain have three subthemes: (1) Organic beliefs, (2) psychological beliefs, and (3) environmental beliefs. Patients’ most frequently cited organic beliefs were genetics (familial) and physiological (tissue damage, surgery, and lifting of heavy objects). Patients’ most frequently cited psychological beliefs were stress, sadness, and having a sensitive personality.
Conclusion: It is suggested to take pain beliefs differences and qualitative research into consideration in the management of pain in nursing care.

Idiopathic orbital myositis is an inflammatory disease of the extraocular muscles and is a rare disease of orbit. Diagnosis is based on clinical and radiological findings. Demonstration of edema and thickening of extraocular muscles in orbital magnetic resonance imaging and dramatic response to corticosteroids are considered a pathognomonic finding for orbital myositis. In this case, we aimed to discuss a rare case and emphasize the importance of differential diagnosis in headaches.

Infraclavicular block provides adequate anesthesia to the arm, forearm, and antecubital region. There are many different approaches to infraclavicular brachial plexus block. Corocoid approach which is mostly preferred is not appropriate in some cases that needle orientation disappear. In this case report, we performed a newly defined retroclavicular approach to infraclavicular brachial plexus block and discussed in the light of information in literature. The patient who has 79 year old man, 29.36 body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists 3 with chronic renal failure was admitted to the operation room with complaint of aneurysmatic arteriovenous fistula in the left antecubital area. We planned the infraclavicular brachial plexus block with retroclavicular approach for better visibility of needle. The needle insertion point was posterior to the clavicle and the needle was advanced from cephalad to caudal. The block was effectuated after median nerve stimulation as the needle was advanced toward posterior of axillar artery. In our case with excess weight and life-threatening disease, it is highly reliable to perform infraclavicular block with retroclavicular approach indicated spread of local anesthetic, needle tip, and orientation without damage to nerve and vascular structures under ultrasound-guided.

Brachial plexus injury is a complication that can be seen after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), especially median sternotomy. Brachial plexus injury was detected by clinical, examination, and electromyography in the presence of pain in the left arm who underwent CABG operation about 3 months ago. Our case was diagnosed early and improved with appropriate treatment. We are of the opinion that early diagnosis and treatment of a rare complication will lead to improvement in quality of life and improvement.

Epidural granuloma may develop as a complication during long-term use of intrathecal analgesics. To the best of our knowledge, it is not mentioned in the current literature that discontinuation of therapy may cause a regression of epidural granulation and clinical symptoms. In this case, we aimed to present spontaneous regression of epidural granuloma within 2 months after removal of epidural port.

Not applicable