Validity and reliability of the full cup test in patients with chronic low back pain
Hatice Ağır1
, Müyesser Aras2, Esra Dilek Keskin1, Hafsa Feyza Özer1, Gülten Karaca1, Ufuk Ergün3, Serap Yörübulut4
1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale, Türkiye
2Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
3Department of Neurology, Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale,Türkiye
4Department of Statistics, Science and Literature, Kırıkkale University Faculty of Science and Literature, Kırıkkale, Türkiye
Keywords: Full cup test, low back pain, reliability, validity.
Abstract
Objectives: This study aims to determine the validity and reliability of the full cup test (FCT), evaluating the pain severity in patients with chronic low back pain.
Methods: A total of 100 patients (70 women and 30 men) aged over 18 years with mechanical low back pain were enrolled in the study. Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. Pain severity was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) and FCT, the functional state was assessed by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and the quality of life was assessed using the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). FCT was performed on the 1st day by two independent observers (G1 and G2) and 3 days after the first application, patients were readministered the FCT by G1.
Results: The mean age of participants was 56.04±12.33 years and mean body mass index was 27.7±4.3 kg/m². The reliability of the FCT and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was found to be 0.989 for intrarater compliance, ICC was found to be 0.984 for inter-rater compliance, and Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient was α=0.994. External construct validity of the scale was confirmed with expected correlations with all subgroups of NHP except for social isolation, VAS and ODI (p<0.01).
Conclusion: This study concludes that the FCT provides a reliable and valid instrument for measuring pain severity and loss of the function in patients with chronic mechanical back pain. We consider that FCT is a simple and easy test in patients with low education and advanced age.